Fuel Injectors

  • Jul 28, 2011
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Modern cars with onboard computers called Engine Control Unit / Electronic Combustion Unit (ECU) deliver fuel into the cylinders of an engine. Here is how they do so

A fuel injector is an electromagnetic device. The electromagnet when energised by the ECU pushes a plunger that opens a valve and squirts pressurised fuel through a tiny nozzle. The nozzle atomises the fuel and sprays as fine a mist of fuel as possible into the cylinders so that it can ignite easily.

The fuel injectors on a car are mounted on the intake manifold of the engine so that they can spray fuel directly into the inlet valves. A fuel rail which is a pipe that runs along the inlet valves supplies pressurised fuel to the injectors. Pressurised fuel is supplied by the fuel pump in a car. The electronically controlled valve in the injector is capable of opening and closing many times per second. The amount of fuel supplied to the engine via the injectors is determined by the ECU which uses a lot of sensors to map throttle input, engine revs, gearbox configuration and a host of other settings to deliver precisely the right amount of fuel.   

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